The prototype for this gun was proved on 8 April 1918 and production started soon afterwards, but these guns were destined never to be used on a warship. They were originally intended for the Lexington (CC-1) class battlecruisers and for the South Dakota (BB-49) class battleships, all of which were cancelled in 1922 as a result of the Washington Naval Limitation Treaty. In the late 1930s, it was planned to use these weapons to arm the Iowa class (BB-61) battleships but, through a comedy of errors, the ship barbette design and the mounting design were incompatible with each other. This forced BuOrd into a new gun design and development for the Iowa class battleships, which fortunately resulted in the excellent 16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 7.
It weighed nearly 24 tons (25 mt) more than the Mark 2 and was about 0.5 calibers longer. A total of eight of these guns were built with six being used in three two-gun coastal defense batteries, the first of which was installed during 1923-1924 at Battery Williston, on the west side of the entrance to Pearl Harbor, 'where they had a field of. Version 2.31.0 of the OASIS-D1 Data Submission Specs. M1051 and M1056 are no longer required for RFA 06, 07 or 09 and can optionally be marked as ignored for these RFAs with a M0090 of 1/1/2020 or greater. A valid value of = will be added in the itmmstr table of the data specifications database and the data spec report. Nov 22, 2016 The latest version of Marked 2 (2.5.8) is out with improvements and fixes. The price is $9.99 through (Cyber) Monday, after which it's going back to $13.99.
As a result of these ship cancellations and redesigns, most of these Mark 2 and Mark 3 guns wound up being used by the US Army as Coast Defense Artillery. Twenty guns were transferred between 1922 and 1924 and all but three of the remaining guns were transferred in January 1941 following the Iowa fiasco. The Army considered these guns to be excellent weapons in that role and used them along with their own 16'/50 (40.6 cm) M1919. By August 1945 there were forty of these ex-naval guns in active coast defense batteries.
The Mark 2 was constructed of a liner, A tube, jacket, seven hoops, four hoop-locking rings and a screw box liner. Mod 0 had increasing twist while Mod 1 had uniform twist with a different groove pattern. The Mark 3 was very similar to the Mark 2, the only difference being that the Mark 3 had a one-step conical liner. Mark 3 Mod 0 had increasing twist while Mod 1 had uniform twist. When cancelled in 1922, 71 guns including the prototype had been completed and another 44 were in progress.
At least five of these guns still exist at this time (2019):
16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 2 No. 96 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia
16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 2 No. 100 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia
16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 2 No. 111 at the U.S. Navy Museum, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC
16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 2 Mod 1, No. 114 on the Island of Barbados
16”/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 3 Mod 1, No. 138 at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
The Mark 2 Mod 1 No. 114 gun was used as part of the High Altitude Research Project (HARP) of the 1960s and was left in place. Two other 16' (40.6 cm) gun barrels were welded together to create an extra long gun which now lies abandoned on Barbados. See photographs below.
A Note on Sources: It is stated in some of the references listed below that no Mark 3 guns were ever completed. This is incorrect, as there were at least two Mark 3 guns completed: The 16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 3 Mod 1 gun on display at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds Museum in Maryland and the Mark 3 Mod 1 No. 131 gun that was later modified as a prototype for the Mark 7 and was then redesignated as the Mark D Mod 0. This error is apparently due to notes in the BuOrd publication OP 127 'United States Naval Guns: Their Marks and Modifications' of 1942 which states 'No Guns' for both the Mark 3 and the Mark 3 Mod 1. I believe that these BuOrd notes actually mean 'no guns in active naval service' as they had all been transferred to the Army as described above or were being used for testing purposes.
The US Army's 16'/50 (40.6 cm) M1919 coastal defense gun was an almost completely different design and was one of the few wire wound guns ever built in the USA. It weighed nearly 24 tons (25 mt) more than the Mark 2 and was about 0.5 calibers longer. A total of eight of these guns were built with six being used in three two-gun coastal defense batteries, the first of which was installed during 1923-1924 at Battery Williston, on the west side of the entrance to Pearl Harbor, 'where they had a field of fire that completely encircled the island of Oahu [Hawaii] and reached beyond its shores at every point' - from 'Seacoast Fortifications of the United States.' The other two batteries were installed at Long Island, New York and at Boston, Massachusetts. All other 16' (40.6 cm) coastal batteries used the former naval guns.
Designation | 16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 2 and Mark 3 |
---|---|
Ship Class Used On | Lexington (CC-1) and South Dakota (BB-49) classes |
Date Of Design | 1916 |
Date In Service | N/A - was to enter service in 1923 |
Gun Weight | 128.15 tons (130.2 mt) |
Gun Length oa | 816.0 in (20.726 m) |
Bore Length | 800 in (20.320 m) |
Rifling Length | 676.0 in (17.170 m) |
Grooves | 96 |
Lands | N/A |
Twist | Mod 0: Increasing RH 1 in 50 to 1 in 32 at the muzzle Mod 1: Uniform RH 1 in 32 |
Chamber Volume | 30,000 in3 (491.6 dm3) |
Rate Of Fire | 2 rounds per minute |
Type | Bag |
---|---|
Projectile Types and Weights | Ships AP Mark 3: 2,110 lbs. (957.1 kg) Coastal Artillery |
Bursting Charge | AP Mark 3: 57.5 lbs. (26.1 kg) Explosive D AP Mark 12: 33.6 lbs. (15.2 kg) Explosive D |
Projectile Length | about 64 in (162.6 cm) |
Propellant Charge 23 | Ships AP Mark 3: 700 lbs. (318 kg) Posterino 3 a photo collage in minutes 3 6 1. Coast Defense Batteries |
Muzzle Velocity | Ships AP Mark 3: 2,800 fps (853 mps) Coast Defense Batteries |
Working Pressure | 18.0 tons/in2 (2,835 kg/cm2) |
Approximate Barrel Life | 250 rounds |
Ammunition stowage per gun 4 | 120 rounds |
Each mounting had 212 projectiles distributed as follows:
62 projectiles in the shell handling room
138 projectiles in the turret stool
12 projectiles in the shell hoists
In addition, Turret #2 had 48 projectiles on the third deck. There were an additional 541 projectiles stowed in shell rooms on the first platform deck. Snow white solitaire legacy of dwarves 2 0. In all, the planned stowage was a total of 1,437 projectiles. Faw circle 2 2 1 3 download free.
Elevation | AP Mark 3 | AP Mark 12 |
---|---|---|
Range @ 45 degrees | 44,500 yards (40,691 m) | --- |
Range @ 46 degrees | --- | 45,100 yards (41,240 m) |
These ranges are for the coast defense mounting in World War II. By way of comparison, the Army's 16'/50 (40.6 cm) M1919 gun at a muzzle velocity of 2,700 fps (823 mps) and a 48 degree elevation using a 2,340 lbs. (1,061 kg) AP projectile had a range of 49,140 yards (44,930 m).
Range | Side Armor | Deck Armor |
---|---|---|
6,000 yards (5,490 m) | 29.0' (737 mm) | --- |
9,000 yards (8,230 m) | 23.1' (587 mm) | --- |
12,000 yards (10,920 m) | 21.5' (546 mm) | --- |
16,000 yards (14,630 m) | 17.3' (439 mm) | --- |
20,000 yards (18,290 m) | 13.5' (343 mm) | --- |
This data is from 'Elements of US Naval Guns' of 17 May 1918 and General Board file 430 (1916). It is corrected for angle of fall.
Designation | Two-gun Turrets Lexington (4) Three-gun Turrets |
---|---|
Weight | Two-gun Turrets N/A Three-gun Turrets |
Elevation | -4 / +40 degrees |
Elevation Rate | N/A |
Train | +145 / -145 degrees |
Train Rate 2a | 1.7 degrees per second |
Gun recoil | 48 in (121.9 cm) nominal, 49 in (124.5 cm) maximum |
Face: 18.0 in (45.7 cm)
Sides: 10.0 in (25.4 cm)
Rear: 12.0 in (30.5 cm)
Roof: 8.0 in (20.3 cm)
Armor thickness for Lexington class as given in 'US Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History' by Norman Friedman:
Face: 12.0 in (30.5 cm)
Sides: 8.0 in (20.3 cm)
Rear: 8.0 in (20.3 cm)
Roof: 4.0 in (10.2 cm)
Engraving reads as follows:
Engraving | Explanation |
---|---|
U.S. Naval Gun Factory W.N.Y. | U.S. Naval Gun Factory at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington D.C. |
16in - 50 Mark II Mod 1 No. 114 | 16'/50 (40.6 cm) Mark II Mod 1 Gun Serial Number 114 |
SUPT. J.H.D. | Initials of Superintendent |
(Illegible) LBS. | Actual Gun Weight in USA pounds. Nominal weight was 128.15 tons (130.2 mt). |
Photographs of the US Army 16'/50 (40.6 cm) M1919 gun may be found at the U.S. Naval Historical Center at this webpage for USS Capella (AK-13). Click on the 'Next' button to see additional photographs in this series.
'The Last American Dreadnought, American Battleships, South Dakota (BB-49) Class, A Study in Blueprints' by Duane D. Borchers
'Naval Weapons of World War Two' by John Campbell
'US Battleships: An Illustrated Design History,' 'US Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History' and 'US Naval Weapons' all by Norman Friedman
'Seacoast Fortifications of the United States: An Introductory History' by Emanuel Raymond Lewis
'Round Shot to Rockets: A History of the Washington Navy Yard and the United States Naval Gun Factory' by Taylor Peck
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Navy Pages by Gene Slover
'Surviving American Seacoast Artillery Weapons' by the Coast Defense Study Group
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Special help by Nathan Okun and Robert Darby
26 July 2008 - Benchmark
17 January 2009 - Added picture of Secretary of the Navy Denby inspecting 16' (40.6 cm) gun
26 January 2009 - Added information on shell stowage for South Dakota class
14 April 2014 - Added armor protection and minor changes to Mount / Turret notes
28 March 2015 - Redid painting of South Dakota
29 March 2015 - Fixed link to USS Capella and redid photograph of gun at the Washington Navy Yard
16 February 2016 - Updated Armor Penetration table and added armor thickness for Lexington class
08 July 2016 - Converted to HTML 5 format
23 May 2019 - Reorganized notes, added notes on four remaining guns
31 December 2019 - Added comment and photographs of guns on Barbados https://gorrleretic1986.mystrikingly.com/blog/dental-shaper-keygen-software.
ClusterM released this
Long time no see! Finally, new version is here.
What's new:
Files:
Please note that RetroArch mod was updated too: https://github.com/ClusterM/retroarch-clover/releases/
Thanks to: madmonkey, pcm720, DanTheMan827, princess_daphie, skogaby, honeylab, KMFDManic for great help with everything.
TODO: Merge my branch with hakchi2 CE. Anymp4 iphone transfer pro 9 0 16 0.